Buddham

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  This is a set of 30 words that often appear in GRE Test: Altruist : devoted to the welfare of others Badinage : friendly joking, banter, jest, raillery Camouflage :  to blend with the surroundings  to dodge an enemy,  to conceal or to disguise Cynosure : a centre of attraction Didactic : designed to teach, pedagogic, educational Disparate : varying, diverse, heterogeneous Egalitarian : thinking that all people are equal, equitable, classless Frivolous : not serious, silly, flippant, facetious, inane Gregarious : living in the group, sociable, convivial, affable Hyperbole : extreme and unbelievable statement, overstatement Innocuous : causing no harm, innocent, harmless, inoffensive Jettison : to throw, to discard Kleptomaniac : one who has a strong desire to steal, pilferer Lachrymose : tearful, crying, teary, melancholic, poignant Moribund : dying, fading, waning, atrophying Nihilist : one who rejects all moral and religious beliefs, agnostic, anarchist Obsequious...

Gerund is a verbal noun. When the verb form 'ING' functions as a naming part, it is gerund.  In simple language, a gerund looks like a verb, but it is actually a noun.  A gerund is the name of a habit.  Examples : Acting, Painting, Dancing, Travelling etc. Let us distinguish a gerund from a verb. He is travelling. (here, 'travelling' is a verb, as it shows action. He likes travelling. (here, 'travelling' is a gerund, as it shows the name of a habit). Functions of a gerund: A gerund can act as: a subject - Smoking is injurious to health. an object - He hates smoking. a complement to a verb- His hobby is gardening. after a preposition- I believe in helping others. There are some verbs which take a gerund. Some of them are:  avoid, dislike, detest, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, like, look forward to, mind, miss, prevent, resist, risk. etc. Sentences: I avoid blaming others. He keeps smiling. I look forward to hearing from you.

This is a set of 30 words that often appear in GRE Test: Adulation : appreciation, eulogy Ameliorate : to improve the condition Banal : uninspiring, unoriginal, trite Copious : plenty, abundant Corroborate : to validate, to give evidence Debunk : to expose, to show that somebody or something is false Exacerbate : to worsen, to aggravate Exonerate : to declare guiltless, to absolve Flak : criticism Goad : to irritate or to provoke to stimulate some reaction Hypochondriac : excessively worried about one's health, illness anxiety Internecine : mutually harmful Juxtapose : to put together to show contrast, to place against something Knell : death bell Lackadaisical : dull, unenthusiastic Mollycoddle : to pamper, to pander Nefarious : immoral, criminal Obviate : to remove a problem or difficulty, preclude Pulchritudinous : beautiful Quotidian : ordinary Repudiate : to refuse to accept Salubrious : healthful, good for health Succinct : brief, concise Tenacity : determination, resilience ...

Metaphor and Simile are figures of speech.  Metaphor is an implied comparison. In  a metaphor, there is no use of 'as' or 'like'. Examples:  Beware of him, he is a fox. ( It does not really mean that he is a fox. The sentence implies that he is a cunning person.) She is a blooming rose. (This means that she is young and beautiful.) A camel is the ship of the desert. (The sense is that as a ship carries people and goods at sea, a camel carries them in a desert.) Simile is a stated comparison. In  a simile, 'as' or 'like' is used. Examples:  He is as good as gold. (His goodness is compared with the goodness of gold). The matter is as clear as crystal. (The clarity of the matter is compared with the clarity of crystal). The hoary head of his grandpa looks like a snow-capped peak of a mountain. (The appearance of his grandpa's head is being compared with the appearance of a snow- covered mountain peak.)

The pronunciation of 'CH' often confuses readers, as it can be pronounced as च /tʃ/, क /k/ and श /ʃ/. Let us learn the pronunciation of some of the confusing words: Char: /tʃɑː(r)/ (चार) Chore: /tʃɔː(r)/ (चोर) Chisel: /ˈtʃɪzl/ (चीज़ल) Chastity: /ˈtʃæstəti/ (चैस्टिटी) Chaos: /ˈkeɪɒs/ (केइओस) Chameleon: /kəˈmiːlɪən/ (कमीलीअन) Chimera: /kaɪˈmɪərə/ (काइमीरा) Charisma: /kəˈrɪzmə/ (करिज़्मा) Moustache: /məˈstɑːʃ/(मस्टाश),  /məˈstæʃ/ (मस्टैश) Brochure: /ˈbrəʊʃə(r)/ (ब्रउश) Cache: /kæʃ/ (कैश) Chagrin: /ˈʃæɡrɪn/ (शैगरीन) Do write to Buddham, if you have any queries.

' Lest ' is a conjunction of purpose. The meaning of ' lest ' is 'so that.. not'/ 'in order to avoid') (ताकि नहीं/ कहीं ऐसा न हो कि).  After cautioning someone or after giving advice or warning to someone, we use the word ' lest ' to show the purpose of the given caution, advice or warning. With ' lest ', the modal verb 'should' is used. The sentence is correct even without 'should'. Examples :  Go slow lest you should fall down./ Go slow lest you fall down. Hurry up lest we should miss the train./ Hurry up lest we miss the train. Write it down lest you should forget./ Write it down lest you forget. Drive carefully lest you should meet with an accident./ Drive carefully lest you meet with an accident. [Note: Do not use 'Not' with 'Lest', as 'Lest' is already a negative word. Incorrect use : Go slow lest you should not fall down. Correct use : Go slow lest you should fall down.]